Cambios en el estilo de vida en aislados silvestres y veterinarios de Pseudomonas aeruginosa expuestos a tres antibióticos de uso veterinario
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54580/R0701.08Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad planctónica y sésil de aislados silvestres y veterinarios de Pseudomonas aeruginosa expuestos durante 4 h a formulaciones veterinarias compuestas de florfenicol (FLO) y sulfametoxazol+trimetoprima (SXT), bajo diferentes niveles de Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO). Se realizaron pruebas adicionales para la producción de piocianina, antibiograma e hidrofobicidad de la pared celular. Todos los aislados produjeron hasta 3,26 µg/L de piocianina y tenían una pared celular fuertemente hidrófoba. Tanto la DQO de 20.000 mg/L como la presencia de FLO favorecieron la inhibición de la adhesión celular hasta ≈45%, y no se encontró efecto antibiofilm. FLO/SXT en concentraciones de 0,30/0,24 mg/mL exhibió mayores actividades. Se observó un aumento de hasta ≈16% en presencia de FLO y porcentajes menores en presencia de SXT. Hubo un aumento significativo de células planctónicas de hasta ≈32%. Dos factores pueden haber explicado esto: el desprendimiento activo en lo biofilm y la duplicación de células tolerantes, ya que las velocidades se redujeron, pero las células permanecieron viables (SXT > FLO). Los resultados del antibiograma indicaron que los aislados veterinarios de P. aeruginosa eran más sensibles a los antibióticos que los aislados silvestres; sin embargo, en la prueba de formación de biopelículas in vitro los aislados silvestres fueron más susceptibles a la alteración que los aislados veterinarios. Sin embargo, en el medio con mayor contenido de materia orgánica, el cambio del estado sésil al planctónico parece haber servido como estrategia de supervivencia para P. aeruginosa en concentraciones subinhibitorias de FLO y SXT.
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